Effectors of somatic nervous system5/5/2023 ![]() ![]() In addition, neurons located in the wall of the alimentary canal form a somewhat autonomous component called the enteric nervous system. The visceral motor system has two major subdivisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic. Thus visceral motor output is influenced by emotional status as well as by sensory signals reporting conditions inside and outside the body. They are both under the control of widely distributed central nervous system (CNS) structures, which generate commands after integrating inputs from a wide variety of sources. The endocrine and autonomic systems are interdependent. Visceral motor responses tend to be immediate, but their effects are short term. Hormonal responses tend to develop slowly, but the effects are prolonged. Two overlapping control systems influence visceral effectors. The nervous system contributes significantly to the control and coordination of homeostatic mechanisms in response to continually changing requirements. The visceral motor ( autonomic) system ensures that tissues of the body receive appropriate nutrients, electrolytes, and oxygen and that functions such as osmolarity and temperature are properly regulated. ![]() In general, visceral motor neurons innervate smooth and cardiac muscles and glandular epithelium or structures made up of combinations of these tissues. These organs are the main effectors of homeostasis, the maintenance of a stable internal environment against perturbing influences, both external and internal. The primary function of the visceral motor system is the regulation of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, integumentary, and reproductive organs. Receptor Types in Parasympathetic Targets Internal Organization of Sympathetic Ganglia ![]() General Features of Peripheral Visceral Motor Outflow Organization of the Visceral Motor System ![]()
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